Metacom VS Pometacom
The man we know commonly as "King Philip" in history was born Metacom, of the Pokanoket Tribe of Narraganset Bay. "Pometacom" was most likely a combination of "Pokanoket" and "Metacom." Perhaps there was another Metacom in a nearby tribe and the "Po" was added to avoid confusion.
Philip VS King Philip
In 1660 the great Chief Massasoit died, leaving two sons, Wamsutta, the eldest and the much younger Metacom. Very soon after Massasoit's death, Wamsutta and Metacom traveled to Plymouth Colony Court with a special request: To be appointed English names. On June 13, 1660, Wamsutta officially became "Alexander" and Metacom, "Philip."
Wamsutta believed that by changing their Native American names to English ones that the colonists would be less threatened by the two mighty brothers. I believe this act was an honest attempt to prove that Alexander had fully planned on remaining on the same peaceful path as their recently deceased father. Unfortunately, the name change did little to dilute the poisonous paranoia growing inside the colonists now that Massasoit was gone.
Two years later, Alexander would be hunted down by leader of the Plymouth Colony militia, General Josiah Winslow. General Winslow had orders to find Alexander and bring him to Plymouth Court for questioning. By shear luck, Winslow stumbled upon Alexander's hunting party on White's island in Halifax (present-day Route 58 between the Monponsett Twin Lakes) as he traveled south from his Marshfield home. Winslow never anticipated that finding Alexander. It's no doubt that this simple capture strengthened the belief that God's work was at hand in helping the colonists in their manifest destiny.
Alexander, his wife Wetamoo and his child were all marched down Satucket Path back toward Winslow's homestead. Alexander would never march the way towards home again. He died leaving Winslow's house. According to Winslow, Alexander was simply questioned about his motives toward the colonists, fell ill and was then released. To Wetamoo, Alexander's death was no act of nature. It was murder, plain and simple. Alexander's death helped precipitate King Philip's War as the monument at the corner of White's Island Road and Route 58 proclaims.
This left Metacom as the leader of Wompanoags. Though Metacom attempted to retain the peace his father had worked so hard to achieve with the members of Plymouth Colony, history repeated itself around 1665 when Philip was called, just as his brother had been, for questioning by the Plymouth courts about Philip's (imagined or real) conspiracy for war.
Of the request to appear in front of colony officials, Philip responded: "Your governor is but a subject of King Charles of England. I shall not treat with a subject. I shall treat of peace only with the King, my brother. When he comes, I am ready."
To the English, this was absurd. That Philip would regard himself on the level as the King of England spurned the colonists to dub Philip "King Philip."
Some Historians believe Philip earned the nickname "King" for another reason. Legend has it that Philip would often be seen walking the streets of Boston dressed in the finest English clothes the city had to offer.
One Bostonian observed King Philip walking down a city street one day and described him thus: "His coat and buskins were thickset with beads in pleasant wild works, and a broad belt of the same. His accouterments were valued at twenty pounds." Twenty pounds is about $2,000 to us.
This letter supports Philip's love for the finer things in life introduced to him by the settlers:
"Philip, Sachem of Mount Hope,
To Captain Hopestill Foster, of Dorchester,
Sendeth greeting:
SIR,—You may please to remember that when I last saw you, at Wading River, you promised me six pounds in goods. Now my request is that you would send by this Indian five yards of white or light-colored serge to make me a coat, and a good Holland shirt, ready made, and a pair of good Indian Breeches, all which I have present need of. Therefore I pray, Sir, fail not to send them, and the several prices of them, and silk and buttons, and seven yards of galloon for trimming. Not else at present to trouble you with, only the subscription of...
KING PHILIP, HIS MAJESTY, P.P.
"Mount Hope, the 15th of May, 1672."
Metacomet
King Philip was not known as "Metacomet" until after 1820 when Washington Irving published "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon." In it was an essay entitled "Philip of Pokanoket" where Irving refers to Philip as "Metacomet." It is after publication of this book that Philip is referred to "Metacomet" in subsequent literature.
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